11th OCM Chapter 8 Exercise (Introduction to Management) Maharashtra Board – Free Resource

by Admin · February 12, 2023

11th OCM Chapter 8 Exercise

Chapter 8 – Introduction to Management

Q.1 (A) Select the correct option and rewrite the sentences.

1) Management is …………
a) dynamic
b) static
c) selective

2) Management uses ………. method of observation.
a) unscientific
b) artificial
c) scientific

3) To help top level management in coordinating the activities is the function of ……….. level management.
a) middle
b) lower
c) top

4) To look after maintenance of machinery is the function of …………. level management.
a) top
b) middle
c) lower

5) Management is…………. oriented action.
a) policy
b) profit
c) goal

Q.1 (B) Match the following.

Group A	Group B
A) Management	1) Need of creativity
B) Management as a professtion	2) Can be seen
C) Top-level management	3) Administration
D) Management as an art	4) Intangible
E) Lower-level management	5) Formal education
	6) Policy framing
	7) Implementation of policies
	8) Selective
	9) Directing subordinates to complete the task
	10) Cause-effect relationship

Answers.
a. 4) Intangible
b. 5) Formal education
c. 6) Policy framing
d. 1) Need of creativity
e. 9) Directing subordinates to complete the task

Q.1 (C) Give one word/phrase/term for the following statements.

1) The art of getting things done through others.
Answer: Management

2) The second level of Management.
Answer: Middle Level

3) Systematic body of knowledge.
Answer: Science

4) The level of management related to Managing Director.
Answer: Top level Management

5) Level of management that link top level and lower level management.
Answer: Middle level Management

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of OCM
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.1 (D) State True or False.

1) Management is an ancient activity. (True)

2) Management is not objective oriented. (False)

3) In small organizations also management is required. (True)

4) Middle level management forms policy of an organization. (False)

5) Various principles and techniques are used in management. (True)

Q.1 (E) Find the odd one

1) Management is an art, a science, commerce, a profession.

2) Singer, Actor, Dancer, Doctor.

3) Doctor, Chartered Accountant, Lawyer, Singer.

4) Lower level, Middle level, Top level, High level.

5) Board of Directors, President, Purchase Manager, Chief Executive Officer (CEO).

6) Departmental Head, Finance Manager, Production Manager, Supervisor.

7) Supervisor, Foreman, Finance Manager, Office Superintendent.

Q.1 (F) Complete the sentences.

1) The English verb ‘manage’ came from the Italian word managgiare.

2) To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control.

3) Organization is a group of person who work together to achieve a common goal.

4) Link between the top level and lower level of management is called as middle level management.

5) Lower level management works under middle level management.

6) Art is bringing about a desired result through the application of skills.

7) Any knowledge which is scientifically developed and consists of universally accepted principles is known as a science.

8) Science is based on systematic experiments, on certain rules and on principles.

9) Teacher, Doctor, C. A., Lawyer comes under the term profession.

Q.1 (G) Complete the following table

Group A	Group B
1) Top level	CEO
2) Supervisors	Lower level
3) Middle level	Finance Manager
4) Profession	Doctor
5) Singer	Art

Q.1 (H) Answer in one sentence.

1) What is called as management?
Answer: Management is the art of getting things done through others.

2) Name the levels of management?
Answer: Top level, middle level, and lower level are the three levels of management.

3) What is Top level management?
Answer: The level of management thats frames the vision, mission and long term objective of the organization and decides the policy to achieve the objectives is called as Top level management.

4) What do you mean by Middle level management?
Answer: The level of management that work on getting things done which are decided by top-level managers with the help of lower level of management is called as middle level management.

5) What is lower level management?
Answer: The level of management which is considered to do the actual execution of a plan is called as lower Level management.

6) What do you mean by Art?
Answer: Art is bringing about a desired result through the application of skills.

7) What is Science?
Answer: Science refers to a systematically organized body of knowledge based on proper findings and exact principles and is capable of verification.

8) What is the meaning of a Profession?
Answer: A profession may be defined as an occupation backed by specialized knowledge and training and to which entry is regulated by a representative body.

Q.1 (I) Arrange in proper order

1) Middle-level management, Top level management, Lower level management.
Answer:
a) Top-level management
b) Middle-level management
c) Lower level management

2) Departmental Head, CEO, Supervisor, Managing Director.
Answer:
a) CEO
b) Managing Director
c) Departmental Head
d) Supervisor

3) Office clerk, Shareholders, Managing Director, Board of Directors.
Answer:
a) Shareholders
b) Board of Directors
c) Managing Director
d) Office clerk

Q.1(J) Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

1) Management is only an art.
Answer: An Art, a commerce and a profession

2) There are five levels of management.
Answer: Three level

3) Lower level management works under top level management.
Answer: Middle level

4) Middle level management works under lower level management.
Answer: Top level

5) Management is a pure science.
Answer: Social Science

6) The entry in any profession is not restricted.
Answer: restricted

7) Profesionals need informal education.
Answer: formal education

Q.2 Explain the following terms/concepts.

1) Top level management
Answer:
The level of management that frames the vision, mission, and long-term objective of the organization and decides the policy to achieve the objectives is called as Top level management.

This is the ultimate authority in the organization which includes Board of Directors, President, Chief Executive Officer, Managing Directors, etc.

2) Middle level management
Answer:
The level of management that work on getting things done which are decided by top-level managers with the help of lower level of management is called as middle level management.

It includes In charge or Head of various departments e.g. Finance Manager, Production Manager, Sales Manager, Human Resources Manager, Marketing Manager etc.

3) Lower level management
Answer:
The level of management which is considered to do the actual execution of a plan is called as lower Level management.

Lower level management works under middle level management. It is also called as operational or supervisory level of management. It includes Superintendents, Supervisors, Foremen and other Junior Executives.

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of OCM
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.3 Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1) While working in a company, Pranav used to give order to his subordinates about what is to be done and which work is to be done. In this organization, various employees like Pratap are doing their work assigned by Pravin. In this company, Pravin submit his report of work completion to Pranav after completing the work done by the employees like Pratap.

i) Identify different levels of management in above mentioned company.
ii) Find the level of Pranav in management of company.
iii) State the level of management of Pratap in this company.

Solution:
i) There are two levels of management i.e. middle level and lower level management in above mentioned company.
ii) Pranav works in the middle-level management of a company.
iii) Pratap works at a lower level of management.

2) Shankar Patil is an advocate and he is running his profession in a very good manner. His younger brother Prashant Patil has done very beautiful and artistic decoration of his brother’s office with seating arrangement and symbol of Justice as his hobby. Vishwas Patil, older brother of Shankar Patil is a science graduate and doing farming in best way. He exports the farm production. On the basis of above information:

1) Identify the source of income of Shankar Patil.
2) What is the qualification of Prashant Patil as a decorator?
3) Mention two features of the profession.

Solution:
i) Shankar Patil is a lawyer by profession. ‘fee’ is his income source of Shankar Patil.
ii) Prashant Patil may be an artist and art does not require any formal education.
iii) Following are the two main features of profession.
a) Formal Education: The profession needs formal education. Today’s managers are also
qualified with management diploma or degrees. They take formal training from management schools which helps them to work professionally.

b) Code of Conduct: Code of conduct means well set rules and regulations to be followed by the professionals practicing in that field. Every profession has such code of conduct to control on the ethics of concerned profession.

Q.4 Distinguish between.

1) Top-level Management and Middle-level Management.

Sr. No.	Points	Top-level Management	Middle-level Management
1	Meaning	Top-level refers to top position in the organization such as Board of Directors, CEO, President etc.	Middle level refers to middle positions in the organization such as Departmental head or functional managers such as Finance manager, Production manager etc.
2	Nature of Work	It is concerned with framing plans and policies of the organization.	It is concerned with implementation of policies framed by Top Level Management with the help of Lower Level staff.
3	Skills	Top Level requires conceptual or decision making skills than technical skills.	It requires combination of conceptual and technical skills.
4	Promotion Policy	At top Level, promotion is given on merit.	At this level, promotion is based on merit as well as seniority basis.
5	Time Frame	Top Level considers longer period of time i.e. 5 to 20 years.	It considers medium term i.e. 1 to 5 years
6	Responsibility	Top Level is responsible to Shareholders, Government and Society.	It is responsible to Top Level Management
7	Flow of orders	Orders and instructions are passed to Middle Level.	Orders and instructions are passed to Lower Level and a report of the work is submitted to Top Level.

2) Middle-level management and lower-level management.

Sr. No.	Points	Middle-level Management	Lower-level Management
1	Meaning	Middle level refers to middle positions in the organization such as Departmental head or functional managers such as Finance manager, Production manager etc.	Lower level refers to lower positions in the organization such as supervisors, foremen.
2	Nature of Work	It is concerned with implementation of policies framed by Top Level Management with the help of Lower Level staff.	It is concerned with actual execution of planning.
3	Skills	It requires combination of conceptual and technical skills.	Lower Level requires more technical skills than other skills.
4	Promotion Policy	At top Level, promotion is given on merit.	At this level, for promotion seniority is preferred.
5	Time Frame	It considers medium term i.e. 1 to 5 years.	It considers very shorter term i.e. up to 1 year.
6	Responsibility	It is responsible to Top Level Management.	It is responsible to Middle and Top Level Management.
7	Flow of orders	Orders and instructions are passed to Lower Level and a report of the work is submitted to Top Level.	Implementation is done as per the orders and reports are submitted to Middle Level.

3) Top level management and lower level management.

Sr. No.	Points	Top-level Management	Lower-level Management
1	Meaning	Top-level refers to top position in the organization such as Board of Directors, CEO, President etc.	Lower level refers to lower positions in the organization such as supervisors, foremen.
2	Nature of Work	It is concerned with framing plans and policies of the organization.	It is concerned with actual execution of planning.
3	Skills	Top Level requires conceptual or decision making skills than technical skills.	Lower Level requires more technical skills than other skills.
4	Promotion Policy	At top Level, promotion is given on merit.	At this level, for promotion seniority is preferred.
5	Time Frame	Top Level considers longer period of time i.e. 5 to 20 years.	It considers very shorter term i.e. up to 1 year.
6	Responsibility	Top Level is responsible to Shareholders, Government and Society.	It is responsible to Middle and Top Level Management.
7	Flow of orders	Orders and instructions are passed to Middle Level.	Implementation is done as per the orders and reports are submitted to Middle Level.

Q.5 Answer in brief.

1) State any four features of management.

Answer:
For answer refer to Q No. 8 (1)

2) Write any four functions of Top Level Management.

Answer:
The functions of Top Level Management are as follows:

a) To decide the long-term objectives of the organization.
b) To frame the plans and policies to achieve objectives.
c) To see that the policies are properly implemented.
d) To create various departments and positions.
e) To appoint the In charge or head i.e. managers at middle-level management and give them directions to carry out different activities.
f) To evaluate the performance of various departments and human resources.

3) State any four functions of Middle-Level Management.

Answer:
The functions of Middle-Level Management are as follows:

a) To link between the top and lower level management.
b) To understand the plans and policies framed by top level management.
c) To prepare the plan of action according to the nature of the department in accordance with achieving the goals of overall organization.
d) To assign duties and responsibilities to the staff working in the department.
e) To train the staff for carrying out different activities in future.
f) To appoint lower level staff.
g) To give timely reports to top-level management and coordinate departmental activities.

4) State any four functions of Lower Level Management.

Answer:
For answer refer to Q No. 7 (6)

5) State any two point of relationship about management as an Art.

Answer:
For answer refer to Q No. 7 (3)

6) Explain any two points of relationship about management as a Science.

Answer:
The relationship between Science and Management can be studied with the help of following
points:

a) Systematic Body of Knowledge: Science is based on systematic experiments, certain rules, and principles. Management principles and functions are also based on experiments
that can be studied through different management theories and approaches introduced
by various management thinkers.

b) Use of Scientific Methods of Observation: In science, the conclusions are drawn only on
the basis of scientific methods of observation. Management also uses systematic methods
for data collection, verification, and analysis of that collected data, interpretation of data, and then on this basis decisions are taken in the organization.

7) State any two points of relationship about management as a Profession.

Answer:
For answer refer to Q No. 7 (5)

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of OCM
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.6 Justify the following statements.

1) Management is essential in professional and non-professional activities.

Answer:
a) As management is universal in nature it is applicable everywhere.
b) Every person performs certain activities to achieve pre-determined goals. E.g. earning a profit, winning games, increasing goodwill, etc.
c) Management is essential for all organizations, whether they are large, medium, or small, for-profit or nonprofit, government-related or not, etc., to succeed and achieve their objectives. Its use ensures the smooth operation of an organization.
d) Professionals receive a certain type of formal education. His abilities allow him to accomplish his objectives. He carries out managerial tasks like organizing, controlling, and planning.
e) Thus, management is essential in performing professional as well as non-professional activities.

2) Levels of Management depend on the size of organization.

Answer:
a) Levels of management refer to the process of creating different parts for a company’s efficient operation and to “reach defined goals.
b) The business sizes vary from small to large. Every firm must successfully and efficiently manage its activities.
c) The classification of levels is made simple and easy when the organization is small. While it becomes challenging and complex in large organizations. Such organizations’ management levels can be divided into three categories: Top level, Middle Level, and Lower level.
d) In a company, several layers of management are important. To achieve their predetermined aims and objectives, they must carry out their duties.
e) Hence, Levels of Management depend on the size of an organization.

3) Management is a group oriented action.

Answer:
a) In the words of Mary Parker Follet, “management is an art of getting things done through others”. Management focuses on completing the work through a human resources.
b) Management is done for the coordination of all resources effectively and efficiently.
c) The activities are done by a team or a group under the guidance of a manager.
d) We have seen this in the definition of management means getting things done through others as well as the decisions taken by the group i.e. the shareholders or board of directors of the organization for the group i.e. employees.
e) Thus, Management is a group-oriented action.

4) Management is an art.

Answer:
a) An art is bringing about a desired result through the application of skills. It is the innovativeness and creativity of a person. This is a natural and inborn quality of a person. E. g. acting, dancing, cycling, magician, singing, drawing, skating, musician, sports, etc. comes under art.
b) Art does not require any specific educational qualification. It is inborn quality or skill.
c) As a manager, in an organization he has to handle various kinds of situations, employees, and other resources effectively and efficiently with his own style. So he uses his skills which are either inborn or developed by practice and formal education.

d) A manager must be innovative. He should handle the conditions. He should not use the same methods all the time. He should use different techniques and skills to get perfect results. This is possible due to regular practice.
e) Every manager has different abilities and skills. They have to use their own abilities and skills to guide the people to achieve their goals.
f) Hence, management is an art.

5) There is no need for registration for managers.

Answer:
a) Professionals need to register themselves with their associations i.e. In India, Chartered Accountants register themselves with the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India.
b) Without a certificate they cannot carry out the practice.
c) In the case of managers, there is no such body to register themselves.

d) A manager, nowadays, possesses a diploma or degree in management studies like the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), PUMBA (Savitribai Phule Pune University, MBA), etc. A person who wants to be a manager acquires the required knowledge of the profession and trains himself/ herself for the managerial job.
d) However, managers can take the membership of Chambers of Commerce which give them benefits.
e) Thus, Thus, there is no need for registration for managers.

6) Management is a continuous process.

Answer:
a) Continuity is an integral part of management.
b) It is essential throughout the life of the organization.
c) Management is necessary to begin the activity, to run the activity smoothly and to control the activity.
d) This is a never-ending process.
e) Just like the breath is essential to survive, management is essential for the survival of the organization.
f) Thus, Management is a continuous process.

7) Planning is a task of top level management.

Answer:
a) Planning means thinking before doing. It is thinking in advance. Before the action, there is a thinking process.
b) In a large organization, management levels are divided into three parts i. e. top, middle and lower. At the top level of management, very few personnel are involved. They are the Board of Directors, Managing Directors, President, Chief Executive Officer, etc.|
c) The main function of top-level management is to frame the plans and policies of the Whole organization to achieve its goals.

d) It decides the long-term objectives of the organization and also frames particular plans and policies to get them. Further, it also sees that the policies are properly implemented.
e) Framing organizational objectives and accordingly plans and policies to achieve them becomes a tough task for top-level management.
f) Thus, Planning is a task of top-level management.

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of OCM
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.7 Attempt the following.

1) State the features of management.

Answer:
For answer refer to Q No. 8 (1)

2) State management is as a science.

Answer:
a) Systematic Body of Knowledge:

Science is based on systematic experiments, certain rules, and principles. Management principles and functions are also based on experiments that can be studied through different management theories and approaches introduced by various management thinkers.

b) Use of Scientific Methods of Observation:

In science, conclusions are drawn only on the basis of scientific methods of observation. Management also uses systematic methods for data collection, verification, and analysis of that collected data, interpretation of data, and then on this basis decisions are taken in the organization.

c) Cause and Effect Relationship:

Science is based on cause and effect relationship. After using specific formulae or combinations, one can get particular results in science. Management theories are also based on such relationships e.g. an appropriate salary and healthy working conditions motivate people to work hard and to give the best results.

d) Universal Applicability of Principles:

Scientific principles can be applied in all similar situations anywhere. This universality offers same result of principles anywhere. Similarly, principles of management are universal. It can be applied in any condition and situation.

These points make it clear that the characteristics of science can be observed in management. Hence, management is a science.

3) State the relation between management and art.

Answer:
a) Personal Skills:

Every manager has to handle different situations, has to solve resource problems, has to handle human resources, etc. with his own style. This style differs from manager to manager and so is the result. This is because of the difference in skill set and ability of a person.

b) Creativity:

It refers to the ability to find new ideas on one’s own to create something innovative. The manager finds out new ways to conduct activities and achieves the desired goal. He develops new ideas according to the changes in business situations and in the business environment.

c) Regular Practice:

Developing any skill as an art needs consistent practice. Similarly, a manager tries to practice managing things by using different techniques and skills to get perfection in it. Definitely, this practice enables the manager to deal with different situations, different people, and different organizations.

d) Personal Abilities:

The abilities of every person are different like skills. The manager uses his or her own abilities. With these abilities, the manager coordinates the activities and guides people to achieve their goals.

4) State the importance of management.

Answer:
a) Management helps in achieving group goals:

Management is required not for itself but for achieving the goals of the organization. The task of a manager is to give a common direction to the individual effort in achieving the overall goal of the organization.

b) Management increases efficiency:

The aim of a manager is to reduce costs and increase productivity through better planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling the activities of the organization.

c) Management creates a dynamic organization:

All organizations have to function in an environment that is constantly changing. It is generally seen that individuals in an organization resist change as it often means moving from a familiar, secure environment into a newer and more challenging one. Management helps people adapt to these changes so that the organization is able to
maintain its competitive edge.

d) Management helps in achieving personal objectives:

A manager motivates and leads his team in such a manner that individual members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational objective. Through motivation and leadership the management helps individuals to develop
team spirit, cooperation and commitment to group success

5) State the similarities between management and profession.

Answer:
a) Formal Education:

The profession needs formal education. Today’s managers are also qualified with management diplomas or degrees. They take formal training from management schools which helps them to work professionally.

b) Code of Conduct:

A code of conduct means well-set rules and regulations to be followed by the professionals practicing in that field. The lawyer has to follow the code of conduct framed by Bar Council of India, Architect has to follow the code of conduct framed by Council of Architects, Chartered Accountant has to work according to Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) etc. However, for managers, there is no such association of managers. Generally, managers follow the code of conduct based on customs and traditions.

c) Expertise:

A professional is an expert in his or her field who has knowledge acquired
through formal education. By practicing, they get a skill required for that profession.
Manager also becomes an expert by practicing his or her knowledge and skills.

d) Registration:

Professionals need to register themselves with their associations i.e. In
India, Chartered Accountants register themselves with Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India. Without certificate they cannot carry out practice. In case of managers, there
is no such body to register themselves. However, managers can take the membership of
Chambers of Commerce which give them benefits.

e) Restricted Entry:

The entry in any profession is restricted. It needs a formal education
e.g. Doctor, Lawyer, Chartered Accountant etc. However, such compulsion is not there
for becoming a manager.

6) State the functions of lower-level management.

Answer:
The functions of Lower Level Management are as follows:

a) To work as per the instructions from middle-level management or In charge of the
department.
b) To assign work to the subordinates.
c) To give instructions to subordinates.
d) To direct the subordinates wherever necessary.
e) To solve the problems and settle the disputes of the subordinates.
f) To look after the repairs and maintenance of machinery, tools, equipment, etc.
g) To conduct a quality check of the product or service from time to time.

Q.8 Answer the following.

1) What is management? State the characteristics of management.

Answer:
The English verb “manage” comes from the Italian word ‘maneggiare’ (to handle, especially
tools or a horse), which derives from the two Latin words ‘manus’ which means hand and ‘agere’ which means to act.’

Following are some of the important definitions of management:

a) Mary Parker Follet, “Management is an art of getting things done through others.”
b) Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and to control.”
c) Fredrick Winslow Taylor, “Management is knowing exactly what is to be done and seeing that it is done in the best possible manner..”

Management has the following characteristics:

1) Management is Goal Oriented:

Management is a purposeful activity that is done to achieve a specific goal. When an organization achieves its goal, it is called the success of that organization. This success depends on the proper management of all resources. For example, a game is played to win, a business is carried on to earn profit.

2) Management is a Group Activity:

Management is done for the coordination of all resources effectively and efficiently. The activities are done by a team or a group under the guidance of a manager. We have seen this in the definition of management means getting things done through others as well as the decisions taken by the group i.e. the shareholders or board of directors of the organization for the group i.e. employees.

c) Management is Intangible:

Management is continuously working on the synchronization of planning, organizing, decision-making, directing, and controlling which cannot be seen physically. However, the results of best management can be experienced in the form of increased profit, smooth functioning of the organization, achievement of the desired goal, etc.

d) Management is a Continuous Process:

Continuity is an integral part of management. It is essential throughout the life of the organization. Management is necessary to begin the activity, run the activity smoothly, and control the activity. This is a never-ending process.

e) Management is Situational:

Management includes techniques like forecasting which helps in taking timely and appropriate decisions to handle a particular situation. While taking the decision situational priorities and conditions are taken into consideration. The technique useful in one situation may not be used in another situation.

f) Management is Universal:

Management is universal in character. The principles and theories of management are equally applicable everywhere and in every field such as defence, government administration, business, profession, education, hospital, politics, social activities, and even in family functioning.

g) Management is Dynamic:

Management is dynamic and not static in character. It deals with human efforts, different situations, and different activities. It adopts changes in the form of technological change, socio-economical change, political change, environmental change, change at the international level, and change in business patterns, etc. to achieve the goal.

2) Discuss whether management is an art, science or profession.

Answer:
Management as an Art:

a) Personal Skills:

b) Creativity:

c) Regular Practice:

d) Personal Abilities:

Management as a Science:

a) Systematic Body of Knowledge:

b) Use of Scientific Methods of Observation:

c) Cause and Effect Relationship:

d) Universal Applicability of Principles:

Management as a Profession:

a) Formal Education:

b) Code of Conduct:

c) Expertise:

A professional is an expert in his or her field who has knowledge acquired through formal education. By practicing, they get a skill required for that profession. A manager also becomes an expert by practicing his or her knowledge and skills.

d) Registration:

Professionals need to register themselves with their associations i.e. In India, Chartered Accountants register themselves with Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Without certificate they cannot carry out practice. In case of managers, there is no such body to register themselves. However, managers can take the membership of Chambers of Commerce which give them benefits.

e) Restricted Entry:

Entry into any profession is restricted. It needs a formal education e.g. Doctor, Lawyer, Chartered Accountant etc. However, such compulsion is not there for becoming a manager.

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of OCM
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

11th OCM Textbook Solutions

Chapter Name	Solution Link
1) Introduction of Commerce and Business	Click Here
2) Trade	Click Here
3) Small Scale Industry and Business	Click Here
4) Forms of Business Organisation – I	Click Here
5) Forms of Business Organisation – II	Click Here
6) Institutes Supporting Business	Click Here
7) Business Environment	Click Here
8) Introduction to Management	Click Here

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11th OCM Chapter 8 Exercise (Introduction to Management) Maharashtra Board – Free Resource