11th SP 1st Chapter Exercise (Secretary) Maharashtra Board – Free Resource

11th SP 1st Chapter Exercise

Chapter 1 – Secretary

Q.1 (A) Select the correct option and rewrite the sentences.

1) The word Secretary is derived from the Latin word …………. which means a confidential writer.
a) Amatya
b) Scribae
c) Secretarius

2) Only …………. can be appointed as a Secretary.
a) an Individual
b) a Partnership firm
c) a Joint-stock company

3) A Secretary is a custodian of …………. information.
a) confidential
b) individual
c) investigative

4) The Secretary of a Joint-stock company should be a member of …………. .
a) IPS
b) ICSI
c) IAS

5) …………. is the oldest type of Secretary.
a) Company Secretary
b) Personal Secretary
c) Secretary of Government Department

6) The main objective of a co-operative society is to …………. the interest of its members.
a) neglect
b) takeover
c) protect

7) Secretary of Government department must be a member of the …………. .
a) ICSI
b) IAS
c) ICWA

8) …………. means correctness in doing a work.
a) Accuracy
b) Loyalty
c) Courteous

Q.1 (B) Match the pairs.

Group A	Group B
a) Amatya	1) Government department
b) Ministry of Finance	2) Paid employee
c) Personal Secretary	3) Appointed by busy persons
d) Loyalty	4) Roman Empire
e) Financial duties	5) Maintenance of books of accounts
f) Secretary	6) Faithfulness
	7) Reveals information
	8) Appointed by co-operative societies
	9) Ancient Indian History
	10) Correspondence
	11) Free service
	12) Joint-stock company

Answers.
a. 9) Ancient Indian History
b. 1) Government department
c. 3) Appointed by busy persons
d. 6) Faithfulness
e. 5) Maintenance of books of accounts
f. 2) Paid employee

Q.1 (C) Give one word/phrase/term for the following statements.

1) The term used in the Roman empire for a person who was a professional letter writer.
Answer: Scribae

2) Sports club is an example of this type of organization.
Answer: Non-profit assocation

3) A Secretary appointed by an individual.
Answer: Personal Secretary

4) The quality that a Secretary should possess to be faithful to his organization.
Answer: Loyalty

5) Latin word for Secretary.
Answer: Secretarius

6) The company Secretary must be a member of this organization.
Answer: ICSI

7) The Secretary of a co-operative organization in Maharashtra must have knowledge of this Act.
Answer: Maharashtra State Co-operative Societies Act, 1960

8) An association that aims to protect the interest of its members.
Answer: Co-operative society

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of SP
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.1 (D) State True or False.

1) A Secretary is responsible only for typing letters. (False)

2) The Secretary of a Government department is the oldest type of Secretary. (False)

3) The Secretary should remain confidential about his organization. (True)

4) A Secretary also looks after routine and administrative duties. (True)

5) A Secretary is a paid employee. (True)

6) Chitnis is a term used in the ancient Roman period. (False)

7) A Secretary need not have knowledge of computers. (False)

8) Cultural Association is an example of Government department. (False)

Q.1 (E) Find the odd one.

1) Secretarius, Scribae, ICSI, Chitnis

2) Leadership, IAS, Tactfulness

Q.1 (F) Complete the sentences.

1) In Latin language a confidential writer was called as Secretarius.

2) The oldest type of Secretary is Personal secretary.

3) A company secretary must be a member of ICSI.

Q.1 (G) Complete the following table.

Group A	Group B
1) Appointed by busy individuals	Personal Secretary
2) Secretary of Government Department	IAS
3) ICSI	Company Secretary
4) Roman Empire	Scribae

Q.1 (H) Answer in one sentence.

1) Who can appoint a personal Secretary?
Answer: Busy individuals appoint secretaries to look after other work so as to enable them to concentrate on their primary work. e.g Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, CA, actors, politicians, leaders, ministers, etc.

2) Which company should appoint a full-time company secretary?
Answer: Every listed company and all other companies having a paid-up capital of Rs 5 crore or more should have a full-time Secretary.

3) A Cultural Club is an example of which type of organization?
Answer: A Cultural Club is an example of a Non-profit Association.

4) The knowledge of which Act is must for a secretary of co-operative Society?
Answer: Secretary should have a good knowledge of the Co-operative Societies Act and should be at least graduate.

Q.1(I) Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

1) Personal Secretary is appointed by a Joint Stock Company.
Answer: Appointed by busy individuals

2) Busy individuals appoint company secretary.
Answer: Personal Secretary

3) Secretary of a Government Department must be a member of ICSI.
Answer: IAS

4) The term chitnis was used in Roman Empire.
Answer: Indian ancient history

Q.2 Explain the following terms/concepts.

1) Secretary
Answer: Until the late 19th century, persons involved in the daily correspondence and the activities related to finance had assumed the title ‘Secretary’.

The Latin words ‘secretum’ or ‘secretus’ which means the secrets. The word Secretary is derived from the Latin word ‘Secretarius’ which means someone who works for a person of great importance.

The Oxford Dictionary defines a Secretary as ‘A person whose work is to write for others, especially one who is employed to conduct correspondence, keep records and to transact various other businesses for another person or for a society, corporation or public body.

2) Confidential officer
Answer: Secretary is an important person of the organization. Secretary has access to confidential and crucial information related to the organization. Secretary is also involved in making and executing important decisions. All such important decisions regarding business activities are required to be maintained confidential.

Secretary guards the secrets of the organization and does not disclose them to anyone unless required and authorized to do so. Therefore, Secretary is often referred to as ‘confidential officer’.

3) Compliance officer
Answer: The Secretary has to ensure proper and timely legal compliance in all activities of the organization. Secretary has to perform various statutory duties. Secretary has to maintain books, registers, etc. as prescribed by the Companies Act. 2013. Secretary has to file returns, and documents with proper authorities within the stipulated time.

4) Tactfulness
Answer: It means the ability of a person to handle a situation in the right manner. As Secretary has to deal with different persons and situations; this quality will help Secretary in acting and reacting in a wise and sensible way.

5) Loyalty
Answer: Loyalty means faithfulness. Secretarial work is of a confidential nature. The Secretary being a confidential officer, should not disclose matters of secrecy to anyone. The Secretary should give priority only to organizational goals.

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of SP
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.3 Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1) Rajiv and Sanjiv have applied for the post of Company Secretary at Pharma India Pvt. Ltd. Rajiv has an experience of 10 years as a personal secretary. He later worked as a Secretary at Venus Co-operative bank for 2 years. Sanjiv has passed his CS examination and is a member of ICSI. He has no working experience. Rajiv is only a commerce graduate.

Questions:

a) Who is better suited for the above post? Justify your answer.
b) Can Rajiv be selected as a Personal Assistant for one of the Directors?
c) Can Rajiv be appointed as Secretary to Pharma India Pvt. Ltd.?

Solution:
a) Sanjiv is better suited for the above post because Sanjiv has cleared CS Examination.
b) Yes, Rajiv can be selected as a Personal Assistant for one of the Directors. This is because the personal secretary does not require any particular qualification.
c) Rajiv cannot be appointed as Secretary to Pharma India Pvt. Ltd. Because he is not a member of ICSI.

2) Harshada has cleared her CS examination and intends to make her career as a Secretary at the Government department.

a) Can she apply for the post of Secretary at the Government Department?
b) Can she be appointed as the Secretary of ABC Ltd.?
c) As a Company Secretary will Harshada be considered as an employee?

Solution:
a) She can not apply for the post of Secretary at the Government Department, because she is not an IAS which is essential requirement for the post of secretary at Government Department.
b) Harshada cannot be appointed as the Secretary of ABC Ltd. This is because she is not a associate member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI).
c) Harshada will not be considered as an employee for a Company Secretary. Beacuse she is not associate member of ICSI

Q.4 Distinguish between.

1) Personal Secretary and Company Secretary

Sr. No.	Points	Personal Secretary	Company Secretary
1	Meaning	A personal Secretary is one who is appointed by busy individuals like industrialists, businessmen, or professionals to conduct the correspondence and the day-to-day routine duties.	According to the companies act 1956, any individual processing the prescribed qualification and appointed to perform the duties of a secretary under the act and any other ministerial or administrative duties is called a company secretary.
2	Qualification	There is no prescribed qualification for the appointment of a Personal Secretary. However, he is required to have knowledge of information technology, bookkeeping, and office routine.	The secretary shall have the prescribed qualification and should be a member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India. (ICSI)
4	Legal Status	Personal Secretary has no legal status	Company Secretary has a legal status.
5	Role	He is a personal assistant of his boss or employer.	He is the chief executive officer of the company and one of the Key Managerial Personnel (KMP).
6	Power	He is given limited powers by his boss or employer.	He derives certain powers from the Companies Act and certain powers from the Board of Directors.

2) Secretary of Co-operative society and Secretary of Government department

Sr. No.	Points	Secretary of Co-operative society	Secretary of Government department
1	Meaning	Secretary of a co operative society is one such member from managing committee appointed to look after the working of the society.	A Secretary of a Government department is an officer to work under the guidance of the ministers or department.
2	Purpose	To assist in safeguarding the common interest of the members.	To assist in carrying out administrative work under the control of ministers of their respective departments.
3	Appointment	Appointed by managing committee of the co-operative society.	Appointed by the State or Central Government.
4	Legal Status	Secretary has legal status as per the Co-operative Societies Act.	The Secretary is appointed by the government and has a legal status.
5	Qualification	There is no prescribed qualification	The Secretary must be in Indian Administrative Services (IAS)
6	Powers	Has the power as per Co-operative Societies Act.	Has statutory powers as per the ministry or department.

3) Company Secretary and Secretary of a Government department.

Sr. No.	Points	Company Secretary	Secretary of Government department
1	Meaning	The Secretary of a Joint-stock company is appointed by a business organization to ensure legal compliance.	A Secretary of a Government department is an officer to work under the guidance of the ministers or department.
2	Purpose	To assist the Board of Directors in taking decisions and executive functions.	To assist in carrying out administrative work under the control of ministers of their respective departments.
3	Appointment	Appointed by the Board of Directors of the company.	Appointed by the State or Central Government.
4	Legal Status	The company Secretary possess legal status as per the Companies Act.	The Secretary is appointed by the government and has a legal status.
5	Qualification	The Secretary must be a member of ICSI.	The Secretary must be in Indian Administrative Services (IAS)
6	Powers	Has statutory and managerial powers as per the Companies Act.	Has statutory powers as per the ministry or department.

4) Secretary of Non-profit association and Secretary of Co-operative society

Sr. No.	Points	Secretary of Non-profit association	Secretary of Co-operative society
1	Meaning	Secretary of non-profit organization is a person appointed to look after the working and conducting specified activities of the organization.	Secretary of a co operative society is one such member from managing committee appointed to look after the working of the society.
2	Purpose	To assist in promoting the activities of the organization	To assist in safeguarding the common interest of the members.
3	Appointment	Appointed by managing committee of association.	Appointed by the managing committee of the co-operative society.
4	Legal Status	The Secretary has no legal status.	Secretary has legal status as per the Co-operative Societies Act.
5	Qualification	There is no prescribed qualification for this type of Secretary.	There is no prescribed qualification
6	Powers	Has limited powers for conducting the activities of the organization.	Has the power as per Co-operative Societies Act.

Q.5 Answer in brief.

1) Describe any four qualities of a Secretary.

Answer:
For the answer refer to Q.7 (3)

2) State any four functions of a Secretary.

Answer: Secretary performs basic clerical functions and office responsibilities of a company, department or individual. The functions of a Secretary are vital for helping an employer or organization to function efficiently.

1) Correspondence:

One of the important functions of a Secretary is correspondence. Secretary looks after the inward and outward mail, replying to inquiries from outsiders, government departments and other stakeholders. Secretary also looks after the various records of the organization.

2) Office management:

Secretary is responsible for the efficiency of the entire office routine. Secretary supervises and controls the staff and looks after the activities of the association. Secretary has to guide, supervise and control the office staff for the smooth functioning of the company. The Secretary also has to look after training, promotion and transfer of the office staff.

3) Reception function:

A personal Secretary attends to telephone calls and visitors, attends to inquiries, fixing appointments, etc.

4) Financial functions:

Secretary handles the banking transactions and maintains proper books of accounts. Secretary has to keep a watch on receipts and payments. Secretary provides the necessary information to employers, management, banks and government.

5) Arranging meetings:

The Secretary arranges meeting between the employer and any other parties. The Secretary also arranges general meetings, meetings of the board, and managing committee meetings as per the provisions of the Acts. The Secretary drafts notices, agendas, and also minutes of the meeting.

6) Statutory functions:

The Secretary has to comply with all the provisions of the Acts applicable to his organization. Secretary also has to comply with the Income Tax Act, Stamp Act, Shop Act, Goods and Services Tax etc.

3) Mention any four features of a Secretary.

Answer:
For the answer refer to Q.7 (2)

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of SP
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

Q.6 Justify the following statements.

1) A secretary should be courteous and have a pleasing personality.

Answer:
a) Courtesy implies politeness and kindness. A Secretary should be courteous while dealing with the people.
b) This approach creates a positive impression about the employer and the organization.
c) A Secretary should have a pleasing personality.
d) This implies his way of talking, mannerisms, good temper, confidential approach, and willingness to accept challenges and situations in a calm way.
e) Therefore, A secretary should be courteous and have a pleasing personality.

2) A secretary is considered as a paid employee.

Answer:
a) A secretary is a person who handles correspondence, keeps records, and does general clerical work for an individual or an organization.
b) He, works according to the directions, desires, and instructions of his employer or the Directors. He has no decision-making power. As an employee, he faithfully executes the decisions of the management
c) A Secretary is a paid employee of the organization. Secretary is either given a salary or paid an honorarium.
d) Although Secretary is a paid employee, yet the Secretary holds an important position in the organization.
e) Thus, A secretary is considered as a paid employee.

3) Only individuals can be secretaries.

Answer:
a) A secretary is an individual appointed by another individual or individuals or an organization to collect and record essential information and to assist the employer in carrying out his work smoothly.
b) One of the important functions of a Secretary is correspondence. Secretary looks after the inward and outward mail, replying to inquiries from outsiders, government departments, and other stakeholders.

c) Only an individual alone can be appointed as a Secretary. A firm, an institution, or a corporate body cannot be appointed as a Secretary.
d) A Secretary has to be an individual as per the provisions of the Company Law and also due to the skills required to fulfill the duties and responsibilities towards the employers.
e) Thus, only individuals can be secretaries.

4) A secretary is a link between the staff and management.

Answer:
a) In every business organization, the secretary acts as a bridge or connecting link between the management and staff. For the prosperity, growth, and development of the organization, a secretary has to establish effective and proper communication and coordination between the management and the staff of the organization at different levels.

b) The executives, president, managing directors, etc. working at the top level remain extremely busy. They may never come in contact with the employees working at different levels of the organization to understand their views, problems grievances, demands, and suggestions.

c) As a liaison officer or connecting link between the staff and management, a secretary communicates the policy decisions, plans, and views of the management to the staff.

d) He also conveys to the management by way of positive feedback, the problems, grievances, demands, difficulties, and suggestions of the staff in implementing the decisions of the management.

5) A personal secretary is appointed by busy individuals.

Answer:
a) The personal Secretary or Personal Assistant is the oldest type of Secretary.
b) Personal Secretary is one who is appointed by busy individuals like industrialists, businessmen, or professionals to conduct the correspondence and the day-to-day routine duties.
c) Busy individuals appoint secretaries to look after other work so as to enable them to concentrate on their primary work. e.g.: Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, CA, actors, politicians, leaders, ministers, etc.
d) Thus, a personal appointed by busy individuals.

Q.7 Attempt the following.

1) Define Secretary and explain the importance of secretary.

Answer:
The Latin words ‘secretum’ or ‘secretus’ which means secrets. The word Secretary is derived from the Latin word ‘Secretarius’ which means someone who works for a person of great importance.

The Oxford Dictionary defines a Secretary as ‘A person whose work is to write for others, especially one who is employed to conduct correspondence, keep records and to transact various other businesses for another person or for a society, corporation or public body.

The need and importance of a Secretary can be highlighted with the following points:

1) Expert advice and guidance:

The Secretary advises the superiors on various important issues and assists in finalizing decisions on various issues. The views, observations, and opinions of the Secretary are always considered valuable while taking appropriate policy decisions. The Secretary provides able guidance to the management and helps to achieve expected growth of the business.

2) Administrator:

A Secretary looks after the routine office administration of the organization. Secretary handles efficiently routine as well as executive duties of the organization. Routine duties like office management, documentation of important issues, attending visitors etc. are handled by the Secretary efficiently. Secretary also handles the executive duties like assisting policy formulation, preparation of plans, supervision on execution of plans, etc.

3) Custodian of secret information:

Secretary is an important person in the organization. Secretary has access to confidential and crucial information related to the organization. Secretary is also involved in making and executing important decisions. All such important decisions regarding business activities are required to be maintained confidential. Secretary guards the secrets of the organization and does not disclose them to anyone unless required and authorized to do so. Therefore, Secretary is often referred to as ‘confidential officer’.

4) Correspondent:

The Secretary is a correspondent of the organization and is therefore responsible for inward and outward correspondence. Secretary conducts correspondence with members, directors, banks, insurance companies, Registrar, Government authorities, customers, etc.

5) Legal compliance officer:

The Secretary has to ensure proper and timely legal compliance in all activities of the organization. Secretary has to perform various statutory duties. Secretary has to maintain books, registers, etc. as prescribed by the Companies Act. 2013. Secretary has to file returns, and documents with proper authorities within the stipulated time.

6) Conducting Meetings:

Every business organization has to conduct meetings where the persons meet and finalize important decisions. The Secretary carries out formalities that are required to be undertaken before, during, and after the meeting which includes preparation of agenda, sending notices, preparing minutes, etc.

7) Link between management and staff:

A Secretary acts as a link between the management and staff of the organization and helps in effective communication. It is important that these decisions are coordinated effectively at all levels of the organization.

8) Fulfillment of Secretarial Standards and Secretarial Audit:

Secretarial Standards and Audit aim at checking whether the company is adhering to the legal and procedural requirements.

2) Explain the features of a secretary.

Answer:
1) Individual:

Only an individual alone can be appointed as a Secretary.Afirm, an institution or a corporate body cannot be appointed as a Secretary. A Secretary has to be an individual as per the provisions of the Company Law and also due to the skills required to fulfill the duties and responsibilities towards the employers.

2) Duties:

A Secretary has to perform routine and administrative duties such as correspondence, conducting meetings, maintaining records and providing information. Secretary also has to fulfill the day to day routine duties related towards the employer or organization such as clerical work, recording, fixing appointments, giving reminders, replying to other employees queries etc.

3) Qualification:

Every Secretary must possess certain qualities and qualifications as per the organization. However, a person who is appointed as a Company Secretary in a public or private limited company needs to have certain prescribed qualifications according to Companies Act 2013. Similarly a Secretary of a Government Department needs to have the qualifications as per the Government rules and regulations.

4) Appointment:

A Secretary can be appointed by individuals, professionals, society, corporation, government, public organization, Joint stock companies etc. In other words a Secretary can be a personal or institutional Secretary.

5) Paid employee:

A Secretary is a paid employee of the organization. Secretary is either given a salary or paid an honorarium. Although Secretary is a paid employee, yet the Secretary holds an important position in the organization.

6) Confidential officer:

A Secretary is a custodian of secret and confidential information of the organization. Secretary is closely connected to the top management and can be involved in policy decisions.

7) Representative:

A Secretary acts as a representative of the organization. Generally, secretaries are of two types: (a) Personal (b) Institutional. Secretaries appointed by individuals are known as personal secretaries. These secretaries represent their employers. Institutional secretaries are appointed by societies, companies, and government departments and represent their organizations.

8) Qualities:

A Secretary should possess certain qualities so as to conduct secretarial duties smoothly. The qualities like concentration, intelligence, tact, loyalty, cooperation, courtesy, leadership, orderliness, and knowledge seeker assist in the smooth and efficient working of the organization.

3) Describe the qualities of a secretary.

Answer: The Secretary should possess certain qualities apart from academic qualifications. A Secretary requires certain qualities to enable him to fulfill the employer’s or organization’s goals.

Qualities of Secretary:

1) Accuracy:

Accuracy means correctness. A Secretary must be accurate in his work like drafting letters, recording minutes, and maintaining records. ‘Accuracy’ is one of the quality of an Ideal Secretary.

2) Adaptability:

Adaptability means the ability to adjust oneself to a changing situation. The situation changes due to government policies, management policies, etc.

3) Co-operativeness:

Co-operativeness refers to the willingness on the part of the Secretary to assist others in achieving the objectives of the organization. It helps in developing team spirit and a sense of togetherness.

4) Courtesy:

It implies politeness and kindness. A Secretary should be courteous while dealing with the people. This approach creates a positive impression about the employer and the organization.

5) Initiative:

Initiativeness means a person’s tendency to take efforts voluntarily to accomplish a task. The Secretary should take the initiative to take decisions on behalf of the employers if they are not present.

6) Leadership:

A Secretary should have the ability to guide, advise, inspire, and motivate the subordinates. The leadership skills of a Secretary help to create a team spirit.

7) Loyalty:

Loyalty means faithfulness. Secretarial work is of a confidential nature. The Secretary being a confidential officer, should not disclose matters of secrecy to anyone. The Secretary should give priority only to organizational goals.

8) Orderliness:

It means doing the work in a systematic manner. It helps the Secretary to complete the work in proper order and on time.

9) Pleasing personality:

A Secretary should have a pleasing personality. This implies his way of talking, mannerism, good temper, confidential approach and willingness to accept challenges and situation in a calm way.

10) Knowledge seeker:

A Secretary should update his knowledge as required to enable him to perform statutory functions.

11) Punctuality:

It is related to the time sense and refers to doing things at the appropriate time. Lack of punctuality creates a bad impression about the organization. The Secretary should have a good time management.

12) Sound judgment:

A Secretary should be able to judge the situation and accordingly take correct decisions. The Secretary should be able to judge the effectiveness and performance of his subordinates.

13) Tactfulness:

It means the ability of a person to handle a situation in the right manner. As Secretary has to deal with different persons and situations; this quality will help Secretary in acting and react in a wise and sensible way.

4) Explain briefly the various types of Institutional secretaries.

Answer:
A Secretary appointed by an institution or organization is called Institutional Secretary. Some institutional secretaries are –

1) Secretary of a Non-profit association:

A non-profit association means an organization formed to promote social, educational, cultural, arts, and sports activities, with the intention of providing services and not earning profits.

Appointment: The Secretary may be a full-time or part-time person working on a salary basis or honorarium basis. e.g.: Rotary Club, Lions Club, Sports club, Cultural clubs, Chamber of Commerce, etc.

Qualification: There is no prescribed qualification for this type of Secretary. Knowledge of filing, computers, and correspondence are the basic requirements for this type of organization.

2) Secretary of a Co-operative society:

A co-operative society is an association formed voluntarily by minimum of 10 members or more. In Maharashtra, these societies are registered under the Maharashtra State Co-operative Societies Act 1960. Its main objective is to provide services to its members. e.g.: Co-operative banks, Co-operative Housing society, Consumer co-operative stores etc.

Appointment: The members elect their representatives called the management committee. One of the members of the managing committee is appointed as Secretary. Generally, such Secretary works on an honorary basis. For large-scale co-operative organizations, Secretary may be appointed as a full-time employee on a salary basis.

Qualification: The Secretary of a co-operative society as such does not have specific qualifications. Secretary should have a good knowledge of the Co-operative Societies Act and should be at least a graduate.

3) Secretary of a Joint Stock Company:

A Joint stock company is a form of organization that is considered to be the most suitable one for organizing business activities on a large scale. A company Secretary is considered to be one of the key officers of the company. Secretary is of vital importance in a modern business organization.

Appointment:

The Company Secretary is appointed right from the time the company is formed to look after the various aspects of the business. Secretary works under the control of the Board of Directors. Appointment of Company Secretary is as per the Companies Act 2013, Company Secretary is included in the definition of KMPs.

Qualification: As per Section 203 of the Companies Act 2013 the Company Secretary must be a member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI).

4) Secretary of Government Department:

Government departments are those departments working under the various ministers of the State and Central Government.

Appointment: In the functioning of Government of India and State Government, a Secretary is the administrative head of a Ministry or Department. In the Union and State Governments, secretaries hold positions as heads of the departments like Finance Secretary, Defence Secretary, Home Secretary etc.

Qualification: The Secretary of the Government needs to possess a graduation degree. The Secretary should pass the Civil Services Examination conducted by the Public Service Commission and be in Indian Administrative Services (IAS).

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of SP
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8

11th SP Textbook Solutions

Chapter Name	Solution Link
1) Secretary	Click Here
2) Joint Stock Company	Click Here
3) Formation of a company	Click Here
4) Documents related to formation of a company	Click Here
5) Members of a company	Click Here
6) Directors and Key Managerial personnel of a company	Click Here
7) Company Meetings – I	Click Here
8) Company Meetings – II	Click Here
9) Business Communication Skills of Secretary	Click Here
10) Correspondence with Directors	Click Here
11) Correspondence with Banks	Click Here
12) Correspondence with Statutory Authorities	Click Here

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