12th Economics Chapter 4 Exercise (Supply Analysis) Maharashtra Board – Free Solution

12th Economics Chapter 4 Exercise

Chapter 4 – Supply Analysis

Q. 1. Complete the following statements

1) When supply curve is upward sloping, it’s slope is _____.
a) positive
b) negative
c) first positive then negative
d) zero

2) An upward movement along the same supply curve shows _____.
a) contraction of supply
b) decrease in supply
c) expansion of supply
d) increase in supply

3) A rightward shift in supply curve shows _____.
a) contraction of supply
b) decrease in supply
c) expansion of supply
d) increase in supply

4) Other factors remaining constant, when less quantity is supplied only due to a fall in price, it shows _____.
a) contraction of supply
b) decrease in supply
c) expansion of supply
d) increase in supply

5) Net addition made to the total revenue by selling an extra unit of a commodity is _____.
a) total Revenue
b)marginal Revenue
c)average Revenue
d)marginal Cost

Q. 2. Complete the correlation

1) Expansion of supply : Price rises : : Contraction of supply : Price falls

2) Total revenue : P X Q : : Average revenue : TR/TQ

3) Total cost : TFC + TVC : : Average cost : TC/TQ

4) Demand curve : Downward : : Supply curve : Upward

5) Price constant : Change in supply : : Other factors constant : Variation of Supply

Q. 3. Give economic terms

1) Cost incurred on fixed factor.
Answer: Fixed Cost

2) Cost incurred per unit of output.
Answer: Average Cost

3) Net addition made to total cost of production.
Answer: Marginal Cost

4) Revenue per unit of output sold.
Answer: Average Revenue

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of Economics
1 – 2 – 3A – 3B – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10

Q.4. Distinguish between

1) Stock and Supply.

Points	Stock	Supply
1)Meaning	Stock is the total quantity of commodities available for sale with a seller at a particular point of time.	The word ‘supply’ implies the various quantities of a commodity offered for sale by producers during a given period of time at a given price.
2) Interrelationship	Normally, stock exceeds supply but in the case of perishable goods stock may be equal to supply.	Supply and stock can be same, but supply cannot exceed stock.

2) Expansion of Supply and Increase in Supply.

Points	Expansion of Supply	Increase in Supply
1)Meaning	Expansion of supply refers to a rise in the quantity supplied due to a rise in the price of a commodity, other factors remaining constant.	Increase in supply refers to rise in the supply of a given commodity due to favourable changes in other factors, while price remains constant.
2) Curve movement	Expansion in supply leads to an upward movement on the same supply curve due to a rise in price.	The supply curve shifts to the right of the original supply curve.

3) Contraction of Supply and Decrease in Supply.

Points	Contraction of Supply	Decrease in Supply
1) Meaning	Contraction of supply refers to a fall in the quantity supplied, due to fall in the price of commodity, other factors remaining constant.	Decrease in supply refers to a fall in the supply of a given commodity due to unfavourable changes in other factors while price remains constant.
2) Curve movement	In case of contraction of supply, there is a downward movement on the same supply curve.	The supply curve shifts to the left of the original supply curve.

4) Average Revenue and Average Cost.

Points	Average Revenue	Average Cost
1) Meaning	Average revenue is the revenue per unit of output sold.	Average cost refers to the cost of production per unit.
2) Formula	AR = TR / TQ AR = Average Revenue TR= Total Revenue TQ =Total Quantity	AC = TC / TQ AC = Average cost TC = Total cost TQ = Total quantity

Q.5. Observe the following table and answer the questions

A) Supply schedule of chocolates

1) Complete the supply schedule.

Price in Rs.	Quantity supplied in units
10	200
15	250
20	300
25	350
30	400
35	450
40	500

2) Draw a diagram for the above supply schedule.

3) State the relationship between price and quantity supplied.

B) Observe the market supply schedule of potatoes and answer the following questions.

1) Complete the quantity of potato supplied by the firms to the market in the below table.

Price in Rs	Firm A	Firm B	Firm C	Market supply(kg)
1	35	20	45	100
2	37	30	45	112
3	40	40	55	135
4	44	50	60	154

2) Draw the market supply curve from the schedule and explain it.

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of Economics
1 – 2 – 3A – 3B – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10

Q.6. Answer the following questions

1) Explain the concept of total cost and total revenue.

Answer: Elasticity of demand depends upon several factors which are discussed below:

1) Nature of commodity: By nature we can classify commodities as necessaries, comforts and luxury goods. Demand for necessaries like foodgrains, medicines, textbooks etc. is relatively inelastic and for comforts and luxury goods like cars, perfumes, furniture etc. demand is relatively elastic.

2) Availability of substitutes: Demand for a commodity will be more elastic, if its close substitutes are available in the market. For example, lemon juice, sugarcane juice etc. But commodities having no close substitutes like salt the demand will be inelastic.

3) Number of uses: Single use goods have a less elastic demand. Multi-use goods have more elastic demand, For example, coal, electricity etc.

4) Habits: Habits make demand for certain goods relatively inelastic. For example, addicted goods, drugs etc.

5) Durability: The demand for durable goods is relatively elastic. For example, furniture, washing machine etc. Demand for perishable goods is inelastic. For example, milk, vegetables etc.

6) Complementary goods: The demand for a commodity which is used in conjunction with other commodities to satisfy a single want is relatively inelastic. For example, a fall in the price of mobile handsets may lead to rise in the demand for sim cards.

7) Income of the consumer: Demand for goods is usually inelastic, if the consumer has high income. The demand pattern of a very rich and an extremely poor person is rarely affected by significant changes in the
price.

8) Urgency of needs: Goods which are urgently needed will have relatively inelastic demand. For example, medicines. Luxury goods which are less urgent have relatively elastic demand.

9) Time period: Elasticity of demand is always related to period of time. It varies with the length of time period. Generally speaking, longer the duration of period greater will be the elasticity of demand and
vice-versa.

Note: If question is asked for 8 marks write 9 to 10 points and if question is asked for 4 marks write 4 to 6 points ( Use this suggestion for all questions and chapters)

2) Explain determinants of supply.

Answer:

Q.6. Answer the following questions

3) State and explain law of supply with exceptions.

Answer:

The law of supply is also a fundamental
principle of economic theory like law of
demand. It was introduced by Prof. Alfred
Marshall in his book, ‘Principles of Economics’
which was published in 1890. The law explains
the functional relationship between price and
quantity supplied.

Statement of the Law :

“Other things being constant, higher the

price of a commodity, more is the quantity
supplied and lower the price of a commodity less
is the quantity supplied”

In simple words, “other factors remaining

constant, a rise in price results in a rise in the
quantity supplied and vice-versa. Thus, there is
a direct relationship between price and quantity
supplied.
Symbolically,

Sx = f (Px)
S = Supply
x = Commodity

f = Function
P = Price of commodity

Law of supply is explained with the help of the following schedule and diagram:

Exceptions to the Law of Supply:

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of Economics
1 – 2 – 3A – 3B – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10

Extra Questions

(1) Total revenue and marginal revenue.

Total revenue	Marginal revenue.
Total revenue is the total sales proceeds of a firm by selling a commodity at a given price.	Marginal revenue is the net addition made to total revenue by selling an extra unit of the commodity.
Total revenue = Price × Quantity	MRn = TRn – TRn-1

Solution of other subjects
Solution of all Chapters of Economics
1 – 2 – 3A – 3B – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10

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